Introduction
Migration is a
political decision based on the decision of particular community or person make
during their, social or political crisis of a person or society. Therefore,
these migrants may have historical, moral, social and economic tensions. Ethnic
crisis, minority opposition, identity politics, all inner politics are
immersed. Sometimes there were also religious polarities in migrants. Another
reason for the achievement is the excessive population growth in the country. But
Western countries were willing to accept immigrants from different countries
because they had a population deficit in many of their activities. They give
permission to migrants from countries often using the development of western
countries this is the Ideology of western development. When we understand
immigration, two types of community are formed, the masses will become slaves
of new ideas and some people will end in poverty and end their lives. Still
migrations cause hybridization in the population however democracy and freedom
are very limited in this identity but the need for a citizen in the
post-colonial world is fundamentally free in democracy but that is not in
migration [1].In these context proper
approaches to migrants are essential.
Definition
of Migration
The movement of a person or a group of person or
people, either across an international border, or within a State. It is a
population movement, encompassing any kind of movement of people, whatever its
length, composition and causes; it includes migration of refugees, displaced
persons, economic migrants, and persons moving for other purposes, including
family reunification.[2]
Migration : The word ‘migration’ derived
from Latin word ‘migratio’.[3] Migration
is a geographical movement across international borders, and the product of
migration emphasizing the impacts of
migrants on societies in which they settle.[4] The
transnational communities approach conceives of international migrants not as differences,
but rather as representative of an increasingly globalized world. It has changed
attention on the operation by international migrants of modes of
telecommunication and transport; their pooling of resources and successful
exploitation of global markets, and their association with new social forms,
political challenges and cultural resources generated by linkages across
several geographical locations.[5] These
immigrants form two types of community in migratory places the first community
who have been temporarily occupied and the second community settled in a
settled country. So socio-economic crises are different
in both societies. But temporary immigrant community to become economically
successful through job.[6]
Approaches to Migration
All the approach
to migration is the perspective these all views have a practical dimension in
the society. At the same time approach to migrations is all about the human
consciousness of a human being, it will also be pragmatic with the theoretical
as well.
Diplomatic Approaches
Diplomatic
approaches that are inherent in immigration are related to the migration of the
people. That's it connected to the diplomatic legal system of the immigrant
nation. To understand this, we can recognize the following example. The
UN’s New York declaration for refugees and migrants, adopted on 19 September
2016, emphasised the need for international cooperation on migration between
countries of origin or nationality, transit and destination, and strengthening
the global governance of migration. However, states have vastly different
migration histories and preferences, as well as capacity and willingness to
engage with other states on migration. How does such international cooperation
on migration then play out in practice? This is a particularly pertinent
question given that the migration cooperation sought by some countries or
regional organisations (such as Australia and the EU) with countries of origin
or transit of migrants have been heavily criticised by human rights
organisations[7].
The migration of traditional society is
different from the Diplomatic approaches. This is different from the
migrations that emerge from rapidly rising social problems. Which is of the
main example of the Rohingya community. The main cause of
Rohingya's disappearance was the neglect of the government in Myanmar. However, migration
from the third world countries to western countries is quite different.
Therefore, diplomatic positions are different because of different conditions. When
the US president Donald Trump came to power, he was very different about
migration. This attitude has reduced Trump's interest in other countries to
America. It was migrating from other countries and even affecting dual citizens
living in America. Donald's assessment shows that terrorism and anti national
movements are increasing at an increased level of migration[8]. The Rohingya community was referred to India, they
are not refugees in India, they are illegal migrants, and that distinction must
be made. They have infiltrated into India primarily through our porous border
with Bangladesh, just as another 20 million or so Bangladeshis have done so
over the years..[9]
Sociological Approaches of Migration
Society is an organism, and each part serves a purpose or
maintains a function; members of society cooperate to fulfil society’s needs
because they share common goals and values.[10]
The immigrant people wherever they arrive that place would be totally new for
them, so the goal and motive of the migration society is different. There are constant
distinctions with the society which is migrating as a consequence of migration.
This creates an immigrant community in a society where they are constantly
changing. Always a symbolic level and material in a society is maintained,
based on the social theory of Francois
Houtart.[11] However, power plays an
important role in determining the symbolic level and material aspects of the
society
An empire and power product that defines the culture of a
people and their geographical location.[12]
So, it is bound to control who should stay in their geographical location in
the hands of the authority. Hence, the social foundations of the immigrant
community are determined by the Emperor. The authority determines the
hospitality approaches that are often migratory. But Derrida's approach to
Hospitality is the dialectics between the other and the power [13].
Humanitarian
Approaches
The arrival of the
Aryans to India is one of the major Indian migrations but in those immigrants,
they used some religious myth. All those myths were
characterized by colonialism and violence and power.[14] This
migration is acting against humanisation and at the same time this is the part
of ideology of Hindutva cultural political colonial ideology. But all of the
migrations mentioned in the 18th and 19th Indian history
a social transformation had a history because there was the ideology of western
ethics and sociological understood.[15]
All the migrations that happened in the modern
world should be seen in the context of globalization this is because logic of
globalization is working.[16]
Globalization is the horror of white politics and also Corporate policies are rooted
in the Globalization. So, all those humanitarian policies are an alternative to
globalization. Humanitarian Approach is an open society and the ethics of the
humanitarian approach which is formed, is an immigrant community that maintains
the basic community. Francis Pope's
words will be useful for the formation of a global ethical values that
recognizes migrant’s communities. Pope Francis apologizes for the cruelties of
the Rohingya Community.
Theological
Approaches
Cultural
studies and critical anthropology have shown that migration and globalization
reveal that processes of identity are about ‘becoming’ rather than ‘being’,
that people operate strategically and relationally in shaping their senses of
belonging, and that identities ‘emerge within the play of specific modalities
of power and exclusion’. [17]Theology is the recognition of the present God
and Theology accurately gives an idea of how God works in every society, this
God science tells us about how God worked in history. Therefore, God in history
has quarrelled with the new theological circles. Theological approaches of migrant society are
historically and contextually significant. The meaning of the Old Testament is
the history of a people of God migration so migration becomes such a liberated
attitude. Theology approaches of the migration is liberative So this liberative
theology is to a new identity.[18]Jesus'
position in the approach to migration is of principal importance because surely
Jesus would have to be a migrant and even Jesus Christ educated his disciples
that the migration was based on theology. Thus, the theological approaches in
the Old Testament and the New Testament will most likely recognize migration. The attitude of the immigrants of God's science
is that the people's identity is redeemed hence, theology of migration
emphasizes the experiences of migrated people. But theology of migration strengthens
the new nationalism and build them in a sense of their old nationalism.
Conclusion
Migration
has always been part of human history. But because of widespread changes caused
by globalization, more people are migrating than ever before, prompting some to
call our own generation. In the last 25 years the number of people on the move
has folded from 100 million to nearly 200 million people. One out of every 35
people around the world is now living away from their homeland. This is roughly
the equivalent of the population of Brazil, the fifth-largest country on the
planet. Many migrants are by force uprooted approximately 30 million to 40 million are
undocumented, 24 million are internally displaced and almost 10 million are
refugees[19].
As one of the most complex issues in the world, migration underscores conflict
not only at geographical borders but also between national security and human
insecurity, sovereign rights and human rights, civil law and natural law, and
citizenship and discipleship.
[1] K . Vanu, Prakuthi, Janadhipathyam,
Swathanthryam. (Kottyam: D C Books, 2017), 173
[6] Michael Jandl , Innovative
Concepts for Alternative Migration Policies (Amsterdam : Amsterdam
University Press, 2007),218
[9]//economictimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/60757644.cms?utm_source=contentofinterest&utm_medium=text&utm_campaign=cppst. 12/7/2018.
[11] Francois Houtart, Francois Polet, The other davos
Globalization of resistances and struggles
(Thiruvalla :
CSS,2000),16
[12] Edward w. said,
Culture and imperialism (New York: Vintage Books,1994),1
[13] Josaph Prabhaker , P.
Mohan Larber, Margin in
conversation Methodological discourses in Theological discipline(
Bangalor: BTESSC,2012 ) 311
[15] Gary Dorrien , Social Ethics in the Making: Interpreting an American Tradition(UK: Wiley-black ,2011),561
[16] Cedri audebert and
Mohamed Kamel Dorai, Migration in a Globlised World (Amsterdam:
Amsterdam University Press,2010),7
[17] Nadje Al-Ali and
Khalid koser, New approaches to migration. (London: Routledge,2002),19
[18] Simon. C. Kim, An
Immigration of Theology (Eugene:Pickwick,2012),220
[19] E. Daniel Carroll R, Immigration
and the Bible (USA: Mennonite mission network,2010),3 https://www3.nd.edu/~dgroody/Published%20Works/Other%20Articles/files/Theology%20of%20Migration-%20Groody%202.pdf. 12/7/2018.
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